Buying a home is one of the biggest financial decisions you'll make, and how you choose to own that property can have long-term implications for your rights, responsibilities, and estate planning. Understanding the different forms of property ownership can help you make informed choices that align with your personal and financial goals. This article explores the various ways to hold title to a home and how each affects ownership, control, and transferability. Types of Property Ownership and How They Impact Home Buyers 1. Sole Ownership If you buy a home in your name alone, you retain complete control over the property. However, there are key considerations: • Estate Planning: If you pass away, the property will be subject to probate and distributed according to your will or intestacy laws if you have no will. • Liability: Your personal creditors can place liens on the property if you have outstanding debts. • Flexibility: You can sell or transfer the property at any time without needing consent from a co-owner. 2. Joint Tenancy with Right of Survivorship (JTWROS) If you purchase a home with another person as joint tenants with the right of survivorship, you each own an equal share, and when one owner dies, the other automatically inherits the property without probate. Considerations include: • Avoids probate: Ownership transfers instantly upon one owner's death. • Shared control: Both owners must agree to sell or refinance the property. • Equal ownership: Each owner has an undivided 50% interest, regardless of contributions. 3. Tenancy by the Entirety This form of ownership is available only to married couples and offers significant benefits: • Survivorship rights: Like joint tenancy, the surviving spouse automatically inherits the property. • Creditor protection: In some cases, creditors of one spouse cannot force a sale of the home. • Spousal agreement required: Both spouses must agree to transfer or mortgage the property. 4. Tenancy in Common For buyers who want to own property with another person but maintain separate interests, tenancy in common offers flexibility: • No automatic survivorship: Your share passes to your heirs through probate rather than to the co-owner. • Unequal ownership possible: Each owner can hold a different percentage interest. • Individual control: You can sell or transfer your share independently of the other owner. 5. Life Estate A life estate arrangement can be useful for homeowners who want to retain the right to live in their home while ensuring it passes to a designated beneficiary after death: • Avoids probate: The property automatically transfers to the designated remainder beneficiary. • Limited control: The life tenant can use the property but cannot sell it without consent from the remainder beneficiaries. • Useful for estate planning: Commonly used to ensure a spouse or family member can remain in the home while securing future ownership. 6. Enhanced Life Estate (Lady Bird Deed) An Enhanced Life Estate Deed, also known as a Lady Bird Deed, allows the homeowner to retain full control over the property during their lifetime while designating beneficiaries to automatically receive the property upon death. This type of deed provides additional benefits over a traditional life estate: • Retained Control: The homeowner can sell, refinance, or transfer the property without needing consent from the remainder beneficiaries. • Avoids Probate: Upon the homeowner's death, the property passes directly to the named beneficiaries without going through probate. • Medicaid Planning: In some cases, an enhanced life estate deed can help protect assets from Medicaid estate recovery while allowing the homeowner to qualify for benefits. • Flexibility: Unlike a standard life estate, the homeowner is not restricted by the interests of the remainder beneficiaries and can change the beneficiaries at any time. How Ownership Affects Future Planning If You Buy a Home Without a Will or Trust If you purchase a home and do not have a will or trust in place, the state will determine what happens to your property if you pass away. This can lead to unintended consequences, such as property passing to heirs you did not intend or causing legal disputes among family members. Using a Trust to Hold Title Placing your home in a revocable living trust allows you to maintain control while simplifying future ownership transitions: • Avoids probate: The home passes to designated beneficiaries without court involvement. • Privacy: Trust documents are private, unlike a will which becomes public record during probate. • Flexibility: You can change beneficiaries or sell the home while you are alive. Choosing the Best Ownership Structure for You Selecting the right form of property ownership is an important decision when purchasing a home. Consider your long-term goals, estate planning needs, and potential tax and legal implications. Consulting with a Vermont real estate attorney can help ensure that your homeownership structure aligns with your future plans.

Buying a home for the first time is an exciting but complex process. With so many steps involved, it’s essential to understand the process and know which professionals to rely on at each stage. This guide walks you through the key steps and introduces you to the Professionals who will help make your home purchase smooth and successful. Step 1: Assess Your Finances and Get Pre-Approved for a Mortgage Who to Contact: Mortgage Lender or Broker A mortgage lender or broker helps you determine how much home you can afford and pre-approves you for a loan. A pre-approval letter strengthens your offer when you find a home. It’s wise to shop around for the best interest rates and loan terms. When to Contact: Before you start looking at homes. Step 2: Hire a Real Estate Agent Who to Contact: Buyer’s Real Estate Agent A real estate agent helps you find homes within your budget, schedules showings, negotiates on your behalf, and guides you through the entire purchase process. When to Contact: After you receive mortgage pre-approval. Step 3: Find a Home and Make an Offer Once you find a home you love, your agent will help you craft a competitive offer. If the seller accepts, the home will go under contract, leading to the next steps. Step 4: Hire a Real Estate Attorney Who to Contact: Real Estate Attorney In Vermont, hiring a real estate attorney is crucial. Your attorney will review contracts, negotiate terms, conduct a title search, and oversee the closing process to ensure everything is legally sound. When to Contact: As soon as your offer is accepted. Step 5: Schedule a Home Inspection Who to Contact: Home Inspector A home inspector assesses the property’s condition, identifying potential issues with the foundation, roof, electrical systems, plumbing, and more. If significant problems are found, the contract inspection contingency may allow you to renegotiate the price, request repairs or terminate the contract. When to Contact: Immediately after your offer is accepted. Step 6: Secure Financing and Order an Appraisal Who to Contact: Mortgage Lender & Appraiser Your lender will order an appraisal to confirm the home’s value aligns with the loan amount. Finalizing your mortgage involves submitting an application and documents and meeting lender requirements. When to Contact: Shortly after your offer is accepted. Step 7: Obtain Homeowners Insurance Who to Contact: Insurance Agent Most lenders require homeowners insurance before closing. This protects your home from risks like fire, theft, and natural disasters. When to Contact: Before closing, but start shopping early. Step 8: Conduct a Final Walkthrough Before closing, you’ll walk through the home to ensure everything is in the agreed-upon condition and any negotiated repairs have been completed. Step 9: Close on Your New Home Who to Contact: Real Estate Attorney, Title Company, and Mortgage Lender At closing, you’ll sign all necessary documents, pay closing costs, and officially take ownership of your new home. When to Contact: Your attorney and lender will schedule closing once all requirements are met. Final Thoughts Buying your first home involves multiple steps and requires working with various professionals to ensure a smooth transaction. By understanding the role or each professional and when to contact them, you can navigate the process with confidence. If you’re considering buying a home in Vermont, working with an experienced real estate attorney can help protect your investment and ensure a seamless closing process.

Understanding the Purchase and Sale Contract: Key Buyer Protections Explained

As a Vermont residential real estate law firm, we often encounter clients curious about reverse mortgages. This financial tool can be beneficial for certain homeowners, but it’s essential to understand its intricacies before making a decision. Let’s explore what a reverse mortgage is, who qualifies, why you might consider one, its drawbacks, and how to secure one. Additionally, we’ll highlight the role of a real estate attorney in the process. What Is a Reverse Mortgage? A reverse mortgage is a type of loan that allows homeowners to convert part of their home equity into cash. Unlike a traditional mortgage, where you make monthly payments to a lender, with a reverse mortgage, the lender makes payments to you. The loan is typically repaid when the homeowner sells the home, moves out permanently, or passes away. The most common type of reverse mortgage is a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), which is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Private lenders may also offer proprietary reverse mortgages, often for higher-value homes. Who Qualifies for a Reverse Mortgage? To qualify for a reverse mortgage, you must meet the following criteria: • Be at least 62 years old (for HECMs). • Own your home outright or have a substantial amount of equity. • Live in the home as your primary residence. • Be financially capable of maintaining the property, including paying property taxes, homeowners insurance, and any applicable HOA fees. The property must also meet eligibility requirements, such as being a single-family home, a 2- to 4-unit property where you occupy one unit, or an FHA-approved condominium. Why Consider a Reverse Mortgage? Homeowners often consider reverse mortgages for several reasons: • Supplementing Retirement Income: They can provide a steady source of income for retirees who need additional funds. • Paying Off Debt: Proceeds can be used to eliminate existing mortgages or other debts, reducing financial stress. • Home Improvements or Medical Expenses: Funds can be allocated for necessary repairs, renovations, or medical needs. • No Monthly Payments: You don’t have to make monthly payments as long as you meet the loan conditions. Drawbacks of a Reverse Mortgage While reverse mortgages offer benefits, they also have potential downsides: • Reduced Equity: Borrowing against your home decreases your remaining equity, potentially leaving less for heirs. • Costs and Fees: Reverse mortgages can come with high upfront costs, including origination fees, mortgage insurance premiums, and closing costs. • Loan Repayment Triggers: The loan must be repaid if you move out permanently, sell the home, or fail to meet obligations like paying property taxes and insurance. • Impact on Government Benefits: Receiving reverse mortgage proceeds could affect eligibility for certain need-based programs like Medicaid. How to Get a Reverse Mortgage To obtain a reverse mortgage, follow these steps: 1. Consult a HUD-Approved Counselor: FHA requires that you meet with a housing counselor to ensure you understand the terms and implications. 2. Find a Lender: Choose a reputable lender experienced in reverse mortgages. 3. Application and Appraisal: Complete the application process and have your home appraised to determine its value. 4. Underwriting and Approval: The lender will review your application and, if approved, provide the loan documents for closing. 5. Closing: Sign the final paperwork and begin receiving funds according to the terms you selected (lump sum, line of credit, or monthly payments). The Role of a Real Estate Attorney in the Reverse Mortgage Process A real estate attorney plays a crucial role in ensuring the reverse mortgage process goes smoothly. Here’s how: • Title Search: The attorney conducts a title search to confirm there are no liens or encumbrances on the property that could complicate the reverse mortgage. • Reviewing Loan Documents: Your attorney ensures that the loan documents are accurate and that you understand the terms and obligations. • Resolving Title Issues: If title defects or disputes arise, the attorney works to resolve them before closing. • Facilitating Closing: The attorney coordinates with the lender and title company to oversee the closing process, ensuring all documents are properly executed and recorded. Conclusion A reverse mortgage can be a valuable tool for Vermont homeowners looking to access their home equity, but it’s essential to weigh the benefits against the potential drawbacks. Consulting a knowledgeable real estate attorney can provide peace of mind and ensure the process is handled with care and professionalism. If you’re considering a reverse mortgage, don’t hesitate to reach out to our office for guidance—we’re here to help you make informed decisions about your financial future.

Co-signing on a mortgage can feel like a generous way to help a family member or friend achieve their dream of homeownership. However, before you put pen to paper, it’s essential to understand the potential risks and obligations associated with co-signing. Here are the key points every potential co-signer should consider: 1. What Does It Mean to Co-Sign? When you co-sign a mortgage, you agree to take on equal responsibility for the loan. This means if the primary borrower fails to make payments, the lender will expect you to step in and cover the payments. The loan will also appear on your credit report, and your credit score could be affected by late payments or default. 2. Your Financial Liability Co-signing doesn’t just make you a back-up payer—you are fully liable for the mortgage debt. If the borrower defaults, the lender can pursue you for repayment, potentially leading to garnished wages or liens on your property. Before co-signing, ask yourself if you’re prepared to assume full responsibility for the mortgage if things go wrong. 3. Impact on Your Credit The mortgage will appear on your credit report, which could affect your debt-to-income ratio. This could make it more difficult for you to secure financing for your own needs, such as purchasing a car, refinancing your home, or taking out personal loans. 4. Limited Control Over the Property Even though you’re equally responsible for the mortgage, you won’t necessarily have any ownership rights to the property unless your name is on the deed. This lack of control can leave you in a vulnerable position if the borrower falls behind on payments or decides to sell the property without consulting you. 5. Strain on Relationships Money matters often lead to tension, and co-signing a mortgage is no exception. If the borrower struggles to make payments or defaults, your relationship could suffer. Before agreeing to co-sign, have an honest conversation about financial expectations and contingency plans. 6. Tax Implications If you’re forced to step in and make payments on the borrower’s behalf, you may be eligible to deduct the mortgage interest you paid. However, navigating tax implications can be complex, so consult with a tax professional to understand your rights and obligations. 7. Ways to Mitigate Risk If you decide to co-sign, consider these steps to protect yourself: • Review the Borrower’s Financials: Ensure the borrower has a stable income and good credit history. • Understand the Loan Terms: Review all loan documents carefully, and consider consulting with a real estate attorney. • Set Boundaries: Agree in advance on how you will handle missed payments or other issues. • Monitor the Account: Request access to the mortgage account to stay informed about payment activity. • Explore Alternatives: Instead of co-signing, you might offer to assist with a down payment or help the borrower build credit. 8. Consult a Real Estate Attorney Co-signing a mortgage is a significant legal and financial commitment. Speaking with a qualified real estate attorney can help you fully understand the implications and ensure your interests are protected. Final Thoughts While co-signing on a mortgage can be a generous gesture, it’s not a decision to take lightly. By understanding the risks, setting clear expectations, and consulting with professionals, you can make an informed choice that protects both your financial health and your relationship with the borrower. If you have questions about co-signing or other real estate matters in Vermont, the Peet Law Group is here to help. Contact us today for personalized guidance tailored to your unique situation.

The New Year is a time for fresh starts and big dreams, and if buying a home is one of your goals for the year, now is the perfect time to start planning. As a Vermont real estate attorneys, we know how important preparation is for a smooth and successful home-buying experience. Here are six New Year’s resolution tasks to help you on your journey to homeownership. 1. Evaluate Your Financial Health Buying a home is a major financial commitment, so start by getting your finances in order: • Review your credit score and credit report. Address any errors or areas for improvement. • Calculate your debt-to-income ratio to determine your borrowing capacity. • Build or maintain an emergency fund to cover unexpected expenses. • If needed, consult a financial advisor to help you set realistic goals and identify areas to strengthen before applying for a mortgage. 2. Create a Budget and Save for a Down Payment A clear budget can help you understand how much house you can afford. To prepare: • Determine your target down payment amount, typically 10-20% of the home’s purchase price. • Factor in additional costs such as closing fees, property taxes, and homeowners insurance. • Automate your savings to build your down payment fund consistently. • Remember, there are programs available for first-time homebuyers that may reduce your required down payment or provide financial assistance. 3. Get Pre-Approved for a Mortgage A mortgage pre-approval strengthens your buying power and shows sellers you’re serious. To get started: • Research lenders and compare mortgage rates and terms. • Gather necessary documentation, such as tax returns, pay stubs, and bank statements. • Understand the differences between fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages to choose the best fit for your situation. • Pre-approval will also give you a clearer picture of your budget and help streamline the buying process. 4. Identify Your Home Needs and Wants Make a list of your must-haves and nice-to-haves to narrow down your search. Consider factors such as: • Location: Proximity to work, schools, and amenities. • Size: The number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and overall square footage. • Features: A backyard, energy efficiency, or specific architectural styles. • Being clear about your priorities will help you focus your search and avoid wasting time. 5. Work with a Real Estate Professional Partnering with a knowledgeable real estate agent is invaluable when navigating the housing market. They can: • Provide insights into market trends and neighborhood options. • Help you find homes that match your criteria. • Negotiate offers and guide you through the purchase process. • Start researching and interviewing agents early to find someone you trust. 6. Retain a Real Estate Attorney A real estate attorney is an essential part of the home-buying process, especially in Vermont. They can: • Review and explain purchase agreements, mortgage documents, and other legal paperwork. • Conduct a title search to ensure there are no legal issues with the property. • Assist with closing procedures to ensure all transactions are legally sound. • By retaining an attorney early in your journey, you’ll have peace of mind knowing you’re protected at every step. Plan Now to Achieve Your Homeownership Dream Buying a home is an exciting milestone, but it requires careful planning and dedication. By tackling these New Year’s resolution tasks now, you’ll set yourself up for a smooth and rewarding home-buying experience. If you’re ready to take the next step, feel free to contact our office for legal guidance. We’re here to help you navigate the home-buying process with confidence. Happy New Year, and best wishes on your path to homeownership!

The start of a new year is a perfect time to set goals, and if selling your home is one of them, now is the time to prepare. As a Vermont real estate attorneys, we know the value of starting early to maximize your home's appeal. Here are five New Year’s resolution tasks to help get your house market-ready for a successful sale later this year. 1. Declutter and Organize Over time, it’s easy for clutter to accumulate, making your space feel smaller and less inviting. Start the year by: • Decluttering each room one at a time. Use the "keep, donate, or toss" method to streamline the process. • Organizing closets, cabinets, and storage spaces—potential buyers will look inside! • Removing personal items like family photos to create a neutral space that allows buyers to envision themselves in your home. 2. Deep Clean Your Home A clean home makes a great first impression. Dedicate time to: • Shampoo carpets, polish hardwood floors, and deep clean tile grout. • Wash windows inside and out to let natural light shine in. • Dust ceiling fans, light fixtures, and baseboards. • Consider hiring professional cleaners for an extra touch of sparkle, especially before listing your home. 3. Address Maintenance Issues Small issues can turn off potential buyers or lead to lower offers. Create a checklist to: • Fix leaky faucets, squeaky doors, and loose doorknobs. • Replace burnt-out light bulbs and check that all appliances are functioning properly. • Schedule an HVAC tune-up to ensure your heating and cooling systems are in top shape. • Completing these tasks demonstrates to buyers that your home has been well cared for. 4. Boost Your Curb Appeal First impressions start at the curb. Even in Vermont’s winter months, you can enhance your home’s exterior by: • Keeping driveways and walkways clear of snow and debris. • Repainting or touching up the front door and shutters if weather permits. • Adding a new welcome mat and outdoor lighting for a warm, inviting feel. • As the weather warms, plan to spruce up landscaping with fresh mulch, trimmed hedges, and blooming flowers. 5. Consult a Real Estate Professional Partnering with a real estate agent early in the process provides invaluable insights. They can: • Recommend small, cost-effective upgrades to increase your home’s value. • Provide a market analysis to set realistic expectations for pricing. • Help you stage your home for maximum appeal. Additionally, consulting a real estate attorney ensures that you’re legally prepared for the selling process. From reviewing contracts to ensuring clear title, an attorney can help make the transaction smooth and stress-free. Plan Now for Success Later Selling your home is a significant undertaking, but with thoughtful planning and these resolutions, you can make the process easier and more rewarding. By starting early, you’ll be in a strong position to attract buyers and secure the best possible price for your home. If you’re ready to take the next step, feel free to contact our office. We’re here to provide legal guidance and support throughout your real estate journey. Happy New Year, and best of luck with your home-selling goals!

The real estate closing is the final step in a Vermont property transaction, where ownership of the property officially changes hands. It’s a crucial moment when all the legal and financial details are finalized, ensuring a smooth transfer for both the buyer and seller. To help you feel prepared, here’s a comprehensive look at what happens during a Vermont real estate closing, who participates, and the documents you can expect to sign. In Vermont, real estate closings typically take place at an attorney’s office, lender’s office or another mutually agreed-upon location. Present at the closing are several key parties, each playing an important role. The buyer—or buyers—are, of course, there to complete the purchase, while the seller finalizes the transfer of ownership. Real estate attorneys oversee the closing process in Vermont, ensuring that all legal requirements are met and the interests of the buyer and seller are protected. The attorney for the buyer is typically present to manage the process, ensuring all documents are properly executed and funds appropriately distributed. If the buyer is financing the purchase, a representative from the lender may attend to assist with the loan documents. Finally, real estate agents for the buyer and seller often attend to provide support and assist with any last-minute issues. At the closing, several key steps take place. First, the closing attorney verifies everyone’s identity and reviews the paperwork to ensure accuracy. Then, both the buyer and seller sign the required documents to complete the transaction. The buyer provides the funds for their down payment and closing costs, typically via a cashier’s check or wire transfer, and the lender disburses the mortgage funds. The seller signs the deed to transfer ownership of the property, and this deed is recorded with the local town clerk’s office to make the transfer official. Title insurance policies are issued to protect both the buyer and lender against any potential title defects, and the seller receives their net proceeds from the sale after deducting any outstanding mortgage balances and closing costs. The closing process involves the execution of many important documents. Buyers sign several key documents, including a promissory note committing to repay the mortgage loan, a mortgage or deed of trust securing the loan against the property, and a closing disclosure detailing the final loan terms and closing costs. They also receive an owner’s title insurance policy and sign documents related to the settlement, such as the settlement statement that outlines all financial details of the transaction. Sellers sign the deed transferring ownership to the buyer, along with a bill of sale for any personal property included in the transaction, and an affidavit of title confirming there are no undisclosed liens or claims against the property. Both buyers and sellers may also sign documents addressing property tax adjustments and any additional agreements or contingencies included in the sale. If a mortgage is required, the Buyers will also sign many supporting documents for the loan. Once the closing is complete, the buyer receives the keys to the property and can take possession, unless another arrangement has been made. The deed is officially recorded, and the transaction is finalized. Buyers should retain copies of all closing documents, as they may be needed for tax purposes or future reference. The Vermont real estate closing process, while detailed, is a well-structured procedure designed to protect the interests of all parties involved. Having experienced professionals, such as skilled attorneys, guide you through this process can make it far less daunting. Whether you’re buying your first home, upgrading, or selling a long-time residence, understanding what to expect can make the experience smoother and more enjoyable. If you have questions about real estate closings in Vermont or need legal representation, the team at the Peet Law Group is here to help. Contact us today for personalized guidance and support through every step of your real estate journey.

When most people think about their mortgage, they often focus on the loan payments—the monthly principal and interest that keep them on track to owning their home outright. However, the mortgage document is far more than just a financial agreement to repay borrowed money. It imposes a range of additional obligations on borrowers, which, if not adhered to, could result in serious consequences. Let’s delve into what else the mortgage requires, why these additional requirements exist, and what happens if a borrower fails to meet them. What Else Does the Mortgage Require of a Borrower? 1. Property Taxes Borrowers must keep property taxes current. Even if the lender does not escrow for taxes, the mortgage agreement typically requires that taxes are paid on time. Failure to do so can lead to tax liens, which take priority over the mortgage. 2. Homeowner’s Insurance Maintaining adequate homeowner’s insurance is another critical requirement. Lenders want to ensure the property—their collateral—is protected against risks such as fire, natural disasters, or other perils. The mortgage agreement often specifies minimum insurance coverage levels. 3. Maintenance of the Property Borrowers must maintain the property to preserve its value. This includes routine upkeep and ensuring that no condition, such as extensive damage or neglect, devalues the home. 4. Occupancy Requirements Some mortgage agreements require that the borrower occupy the home as their primary residence for a specified period. This is particularly common with loans designed for owner-occupants rather than investors. 5. Prohibition of Unauthorized Transfers Borrowers are generally prohibited from transferring ownership or interest in the property without lender approval. This clause, known as the "due-on-sale" clause, prevents the property from being sold or transferred without repaying the loan in full. Why Are These Additional Requirements Necessary? Lenders impose these requirements to protect their investment. When a lender issues a mortgage, they are taking on significant risk by lending a large sum of money. These provisions: • Safeguard the Property’s Value: Requiring maintenance and insurance ensures the property remains a viable asset that can recover the loan amount if foreclosure becomes necessary. • Prevent Liens: Ensuring taxes are paid prevents tax authorities from placing liens on the property, which could jeopardize the lender’s position as the primary lienholder. • Control Ownership: The prohibition against unauthorized transfers protects the lender from dealing with borrowers who may not meet the original underwriting standards. What Happens if the Borrower Fails to Meet These Requirements? Failing to comply with any of these obligations can have serious consequences: 1. Default Failure to meet these requirements, such as not paying taxes or maintaining insurance, can place the borrower in default under the terms of the mortgage. Default does not only result from missed loan payments. 2. Force-Placed Insurance If a borrower fails to maintain adequate insurance, the lender may purchase a policy on the borrower’s behalf and add the cost to the loan balance. These "force-placed" insurance policies are often much more expensive and provide less coverage than standard homeowner’s insurance. 3. Foreclosure In extreme cases, non-compliance with mortgage terms can lead to foreclosure. For example, failure to pay property taxes or unauthorized property transfers can trigger this process. 4. Additional Financial Burdens The lender may impose fees or penalties for non-compliance, adding to the financial strain on the borrower. Final Thoughts Understanding your mortgage obligations is essential to protecting your home and financial stability. While making monthly payments is crucial, it is equally important to comply with the other requirements outlined in the mortgage agreement. If you’re uncertain about your obligations or facing challenges in meeting them, consulting with a real estate attorney can help you navigate these issues and safeguard your investment. At the Peet Law Group, we concentrate in Vermont residential real estate law and are here to assist you with any questions or concerns about your mortgage obligations. Reach out to us today for expert guidance.