Boundary issues are one of the most common and costly problems affecting Vermont real estate. Whether it is an old stone wall, a misplaced fence, or conflicting surveys, uncertainty about property lines can delay sales, create disputes, and reduce property value. A boundary line confirmation agreement is one of the most effective legal tools available to resolve these issues permanently. What Is a Boundary Line Confirmation Agreement? A boundary line confirmation agreement is a written legal agreement between neighboring property owners that establishes the exact location of a shared boundary line. Instead of litigating or continuing uncertainty, the parties agree: • Where the boundary line is located • That the agreed line is binding on both properties • That the agreement will be recorded in the land records Once recorded, the agreement becomes part of the chain of title for both properties. When Do You Need Boundary Line Agreement? Boundary line confirmation agreements are commonly used in Vermont when: • Two surveys show conflicting boundary lines • A fence, driveway, or structure crosses a property line • Old deeds contain vague or inconsistent descriptions • A stone wall or natural feature has been treated as the boundary for many years • A buyer or title company raises a boundary concern before closing These situations are especially common with older rural properties, where descriptions may rely on outdated landmarks. Why Not Just Rely on a Survey? A survey is important, but it does not always solve the problem. A surveyor provides an opinion of where the boundary is located based on available evidence. However: • Different surveys may reach different conclusions • Historical use of land may conflict with surveyed lines • Title companies may still require resolution before insuring A boundary line confirmation agreement resolves the issue legally and permanently, rather than leaving it open to interpretation. How the Process Works in Vermont 1. Identify the Issue The parties, often with their attorneys, identify the uncertainty or dispute. 2. Obtain a Survey (if needed) A licensed surveyor may be hired to map the boundary and provide a clear reference. 3. Negotiate the Boundary Line The neighbors agree on a specific boundary location, sometimes as a compromise. 4. Obtain permits if the boundary line is being moved If a boundary line is being moved as part of a compromise rather than confirming an existing line, municipal and state permits may be required. 5. Draft the Agreement A Vermont real estate attorney prepares a formal agreement describing the boundary. 6. Sign and Record The agreement is signed by all parties and recorded in the town land records. Key Legal Benefits A properly drafted and recorded boundary line confirmation agreement can: • Prevent future disputes between neighbors • Satisfy title insurance requirements • Allow a real estate transaction to proceed • Clarify ownership for future buyers • Avoid costly litigation In many cases, this is a far more efficient and cost-effective solution than going to court. Important Considerations It Must Be Precise The agreement should include: • A clear legal description • Reference to a survey or plan • Language binding future owners Lender Approval May Be Required If there is a mortgage on the property, lender consent may be necessary. It Should Be Recorded Unrecorded agreements may not protect against future claims. It Is Not the Same as Adverse Possession While related, this is a voluntary agreement, not a legal claim based on long-term use. Common Vermont Scenarios Boundary line agreements are frequently used in situations like: • A neighbor’s driveway crosses onto your land • A barn or shed encroaches over the line • Lakefront properties with unclear lot divisions • Wooded land where boundaries were never clearly marked Why This Matters for Buyers and Sellers If you are buying or selling property in Vermont, unresolved boundary issues can: • Delay closing • Create financing problems • Lead to post-closing disputes Addressing the issue with a boundary line confirmation agreement before closing can save significant time, money, and stress. Boundary line confirmation agreements are a practical and effective way to resolve uncertainty and protect property rights in Vermont. Given the age and rural nature of many properties in the state, these agreements are often essential to ensure clear and marketable title. If you are facing a boundary issue or your transaction has raised concerns, working with an experienced Vermont real estate attorney can help you reach a clear and lasting solution.